# Literally!

In C, literals are ways to express specific values within the source code. Different types of literals include integer, floating-point, character, and string literals.

Here's a sample program with explanations:

```c
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    // Integer literals
    int decimal = 10;      // Decimal integer literal
    int octal = 012;       // Octal integer literal (prefixed with 0)
    int hexadecimal = 0xA; // Hexadecimal integer literal (prefixed with 0x)

    // Floating-point literals
    float floatingPoint = 3.14;  // Floating-point literal
    double exponential = 1.5e2;  // Exponential notation (1.5 * 10^2)

    // Character literals
    char singleChar = 'A';       // Character literal (enclosed in single quotes)
    char escapedChar = '\n';     // Escaped character (newline in this case)

    // String literal
    char* stringLiteral = "Hello, World!"; // String literal (enclosed in double quotes)

    // Printing the values
    printf("Integer literals: decimal = %d, octal = %o, hexadecimal = %x\n", decimal, octal, hexadecimal);
    printf("Floating-point literals: floatingPoint = %f, exponential = %lf\n", floatingPoint, exponential);
    printf("Character literals: singleChar = %c, escapedChar = %c\n", singleChar, escapedChar);
    printf("String literal: %s\n", stringLiteral);

    return 0;
}
```

Explanation of each type:

1. **Integer Literals**: These are the most basic type of literals and can be expressed in decimal (base 10), octal (base 8, prefixed with `0`), or hexadecimal (base 16, prefixed with `0x`).
    
2. **Floating-Point Literals**: Represent real numbers and can include a decimal point. They can also be expressed in exponential form (e.g., `1.5e2` is equivalent to `1.5 * 10^2`).
    
3. **Character Literals**: Represented by a single character enclosed in single quotes. Special characters (like newline `\n`, tab `\t`) can be represented using escape sequences.
    
4. **String Literals**: A sequence of characters enclosed in double quotes. They are actually arrays of characters ending with a null character `'\0'`.